Subjects: Chemistry

Reactions involving polyprotic and anions of polyprotic acids can be predicated by adding the proton transfer equations together. Students test and evaluate these predictions through laboratory activities.

Various types of pH curves are generated using a pH probe and a computer interface, comparisons of the different curves are made, and information obtained from the curves discussed.

Demonstrates universal indicators and universal indicator strips. Students are challenged to design an experiment that determines the relative pH of several solutions using only indicators.

Determines an unknown acid concentration through the selection of proper indicators, the standardizing of the titrant, the titration of the unknown acid, and the analysis.

Explains why corrosion is a major concern of industry and consumers. Shows various everyday examples of corrosion reactions and how they can be prevented. The five-step method for writing these reactions is used throughout the program.

Explains Le Châtelier’s principle and shows how his work is used to identify factors that can affect equilibrium concentrations. Demonstrates how equilibrium can be shifted by changing temperature or the concentrations of various reagents.

Emphasizes the usefulness of redox titration as an analytical technique. Examines titration procedures and techniques and explains how to determine the endpoint of a redox titration.

Shows the complete cycle of a redox titration. Analysis of the data covers: predicting the endpoint colour change; standardizing the titrant; titrating the unknown; and stoichiometric analysis of the data.

Detailed graphics explain oxidation numbers within molecules and complex ions. Examples show the rules for assigning oxidation numbers and for writing half-reactions using oxidation numbers.

Generates oxidation and reduction half-reactions using oxidation numbers and rules from the previous program. Electrons are balanced and the two half-reactions added to obtain the balanced overall reaction.