Countries: CA

Various types of pH curves are generated using a pH probe and a computer interface, comparisons of the different curves are made, and information obtained from the curves discussed.

Demonstrates universal indicators and universal indicator strips. Students are challenged to design an experiment that determines the relative pH of several solutions using only indicators.

Determines an unknown acid concentration through the selection of proper indicators, the standardizing of the titrant, the titration of the unknown acid, and the analysis.

The two reactions involved in the production of methanol form the basis for a review of the factors which favour methanol production. Provides an example of a calculation using a quadratic equation to solve for equilibrium concentrations.

Empirical definitions of acidic, basic and neutral solutions are derived by performing diagnostic tests. Students examine real-life applications of acids and bases, and an analogy is used to present the historical development of acid-base theories.

Studies evidence for the shifting of equilibrium in pure water when acids or bases are added. Examines the inverse relationship between hydrogen and hydroxide ions in all solutions, and sample calculations are worked out with Kw.

Provides a definition of pH and how it is calculated. Explains a pH/pOH scale and the mathematical relationship between pH and pOH. Demonstrates the use of pH metres and examines the significance of pH in biological systems.

The topic of acid deposition leads to a calculation of hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations, pH and pOH using Kw. These calculations demonstrate what happens to pH and pOH during a series of dilutions.

An experiment comparing acidic solutions in relationship to their pH and conductivity leads to a definition of strong and weak acids. A similar procedure is followed for bases.

Illustrates multi-step energetics problems with various real-life situations. Stresses the steps that should be applied in problem solving: identify changes; relate known to unknown; calculate the answer; and check the answer.